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Course Objectives for Chapters 11 - 20
Chapters 1- 10 Chapters 11- 20 Chapters 21 -31
Chapter 11
Energy
11.1 The Many Forms of Energy
Objectives
(1) Use a model to relate work and energy.
(2) Calculate the kinetic energy of a moving object.
(3) Determine how to find the gravitational potential energy of a system.
(4) Identify ways in which elastic potential energy is stored in a system.
11.2 Conservation of Energy
Objectives
(1) Solve problems using the law of conservation of energy.
(2) Analyze collisions to find the change in kinetic energy.
Chapter 12
Thermal Energy
12.1 Temperature and Thermal Energy
Objectives
(1) Describe the nature of thermal energy.
(2) Define temperature and distinguish it from thermal energy.
(3) Use the Celsius and Kelvin temperature scales and convert one to another.
(4) Define specific heat and calculate heat transfer.
12.2 Change of State and Laws of Thermodynamics
Objectives
(1) Define the heats of fusion and vaporization.
(2) State the first and second laws of thermodynamics.
(3) Define heat engine, refrigerator, and heat pump.
(4) Define entropy.
Chapter 13
States of Matter
13.1 The Fluid States
Objectives
(1) Describe how fluids create pressure and relate Pascal's principle to some everyday occurrences.
(2) Apply Archimedes' and Bernoulli's principles.
(3) Explain how forces within liquids cause surface tension and capillary action, and relate the kinetic model to evaporation and condensation.
13.2 The Solid State
Objectives
(1) Compare solids, liquids, gases and plasmas at a microscopic level, and relate their properties to their structures.
(2) Explain why solids expand and contract when the temperature changes.
(3) Calculate the expansion of solids and discuss the problems caused by expansion.
13.3 Gas Laws
Objectives
(1) Describe the conditions of standard atmospheric pressure.
(2) Use the kinetic-molecular theory to explain the behavior of gases.
(3) Perform calculations involving Boyle's Law, Advogadro's Law, Charles's Law, the combined gas law, and the ideal gas law as applied to the behavior of ideal and real gases.
Chapter 14
Waves and Energy Transfer
14.1 Wave Properties
Objectives
(1) Identify how waves transfer energy without transferring matter.
(2) Contrast transverse and longitudinal waves.
(3) Relate wave speed, wavelength and frequency.
14.2 Wave Behavior
Objectives
(1) Relate a wave's speed to the medium in which the wave travels.
(2) Describe how waves are reflected and refracted at boundaries between media, and explain how waves diffract.
(3) Apply the principle of superposition to the phenomenon of interference.
Chapter 15
Sound
15.1 Properties of Sound
Objectives
(1) Demonstrate knowledge of the nature of sound waves and the properties sound shares with other waves.
(2) Solve problems relating the frequency, wavelength, and velocity of sound.
(3) Relate the physical properties of sound waves to the way we perceive sound.
(4) Define the Doppler shift and identify someof its applications.
15.2 The Physics of Music
Objectives
(1) Describe the origin of sound.
(2) Demonstrate an understanding of resonance, especially as applied to air columns.
(3) Explain why there is a variation among instruments and among voices using the terms timbre, resonance, fundamental, and harmonic.
Chapter 16
Light
16.1 Light Fundamentals
Objectives
(1) Recognize that light is the visible portion of an entire range of electromagnetic frequencies.
(2) Describe the ray model of light.
(3) Solve problems involving the speed of light.
(4) Define luminous intensity, luminous flux, and illuminance.
(5) Solve illumination problems.
16.2 Light and Matter
Objectives
(1) Explain the formation of color by light and by pigments and dyes.
(2) Explain the cause and give examples of interference in thin films.
(3) Describe methods of producing polarized light.
Chapter 17
Reflection and Refraction
17.1 How Light Behaves at a Boundary
Objectives
(1) Explain the law of reflection.
(2) Distinguish between diffuse and regular reflection and provide examples.
(3) Calculate the index of refraction of a medium.
17.2 Applications of Reflected and Refracted Light
Objectives
(1) Explain total internal reflection.
(2) Define the critical angle.
(3) Explain the effects caused by the refraction of light in a medium with varying refractive indices.
(4) Explain dispersion of light in terms of the index of refraction.
Chapter 18
Mirrors and lenses
18.1 Mirrors
Objectives
(1) Explain how concave, convex, and plane mirrors form images.
(2) Locate images using ray diagrams, and calculate image location and size using equations.
(3) Explain the cause of spherical aberration and how the effect may be overcome.
(4) Describe the use of parabolic mirrors.
18.2 Lenses
Objectives
(1) Describe how real and virtual images are formed by convex and concave lenses.
(2) Locate the image with a ray diagram and find the image location and size using a mathematical model.
(3) Define chromatic aberration and explain how it can be reduced.
(4) Explain how optical instruments such as microscopes and telescopes work.
Chapter 19
Diffraction and Interference of Light
19.1 When Light Waves Interfere
Objectives
(1) Relate the diffraction of light to its wave characteristics.
(2) Explain how light falling on two closely spaced slits produces an interference pattern, and use measurements to calculate wavelengths of light.
(3) Apply geometrical models to explain single-slit diffraction and two-slit interference patterns.
19.2 Applications of Diffraction
Objectives
(1) Explain how diffraction gratings form interference patterns and how they are used in grating spectrometers.
(2) Discuss how diffraction limits the ability of a lens to distinguish two closely spaced objects.
Chapter 20
Static Electricity
20.1 Electrical Charge
Objectives
(1) Recognize that objects that are charged exert forces, both attractive and repulsive.
(2) Demonstrate that charging is the separation, not the creation of electrical charges.
(3) Describe the differences between conductors and insulators.
20.2 Electrical Force
Objectives
(1) Summarize the relationship between forces and charges.
(2) Describe how an electroscope detects electric charge.
(3) Explain how to charge by conduction and induction.
(4) Use Coulomb's law to solve problems relating to electrical force.
(5) Develop a model of how charged objects can attract a neutral object.