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Course Objectives for Chapters 11 - 20

 

Chapters 1- 10            Chapters 11- 20            Chapters 21 -31

 

Chapter 11

Energy

 

11.1 The Many Forms of Energy

Objectives

(1) Use a model to relate work and energy.

(2) Calculate the kinetic energy of a moving object.

(3) Determine how to find the gravitational potential energy of a system.

(4) Identify ways in which elastic potential energy is stored in a system.

 

11.2 Conservation of Energy

Objectives

(1) Solve problems using the law of conservation of energy.

(2) Analyze collisions to find the change in kinetic energy.

 

 

Chapter 12

Thermal Energy

 

12.1 Temperature and Thermal Energy

Objectives

(1) Describe the nature of thermal energy.

(2) Define temperature and distinguish it from thermal energy.

(3) Use the Celsius and Kelvin temperature scales and convert one to another.

(4) Define specific heat and calculate heat transfer.

 

12.2 Change of State and Laws of Thermodynamics

Objectives

(1) Define the heats of fusion and vaporization.

(2) State the first and second laws of thermodynamics.

(3) Define heat engine, refrigerator, and heat pump.

(4) Define entropy.

 

 

Chapter 13

States of Matter

 

13.1 The Fluid States

Objectives

(1) Describe how fluids create pressure and relate Pascal's principle to some everyday occurrences.

(2) Apply Archimedes' and Bernoulli's principles.

(3) Explain how forces within liquids cause surface tension and capillary action, and relate the kinetic model to evaporation and condensation.

 

13.2 The Solid State

Objectives

(1) Compare solids, liquids, gases and plasmas at a microscopic level, and relate their properties to their structures.

(2) Explain why solids expand and contract when the temperature changes.

(3) Calculate the expansion of solids and discuss the problems caused by expansion.

 

13.3 Gas Laws

Objectives

(1) Describe the conditions of standard atmospheric pressure.

(2) Use the kinetic-molecular theory to explain the behavior of gases.

(3) Perform calculations involving Boyle's Law, Advogadro's Law, Charles's Law, the combined gas law, and the ideal gas law as applied to the behavior of ideal and real gases.

 

 

Chapter 14

Waves and Energy Transfer

                    

14.1 Wave Properties

Objectives

(1) Identify how waves transfer energy without transferring matter.

(2) Contrast transverse and longitudinal waves.

(3) Relate wave speed, wavelength and frequency.

 

14.2 Wave Behavior

Objectives

(1) Relate a wave's speed to the medium in which the wave travels.

(2) Describe how waves are reflected and refracted at boundaries between media, and explain how waves diffract.

(3) Apply the principle of superposition to the phenomenon of interference.

 

 

Chapter 15

Sound

 

15.1 Properties of Sound

Objectives

(1) Demonstrate knowledge of the nature of sound waves and the properties sound shares with other waves.

(2) Solve problems relating the frequency, wavelength, and velocity of sound.

(3) Relate the physical properties of sound waves to the way we perceive sound.

(4) Define  the Doppler shift and identify someof its applications.

 

15.2 The Physics of Music

Objectives

(1) Describe the origin of sound.

(2) Demonstrate an understanding of resonance, especially as applied to air columns.

(3) Explain why there is a variation among instruments and among voices using the terms timbre, resonance, fundamental, and harmonic. 

 

 

Chapter 16

Light

 

16.1 Light Fundamentals

Objectives

(1) Recognize that light is the visible portion of an entire range of electromagnetic frequencies.

(2) Describe the ray model of light.

(3) Solve problems involving the speed of light.

(4) Define luminous intensity, luminous flux, and illuminance.

(5) Solve illumination problems.

 

16.2 Light and Matter

Objectives

(1) Explain the formation of color by light and by pigments and dyes.

(2) Explain the cause and give examples of interference in thin films.

(3) Describe methods of producing polarized light.

 

 

Chapter 17

Reflection and Refraction

  

17.1 How Light Behaves at a Boundary

Objectives

(1) Explain the law of reflection.

(2) Distinguish between diffuse and regular reflection and provide examples.

(3) Calculate the index of refraction of a medium.

 

17.2 Applications of Reflected and Refracted Light

Objectives

(1) Explain total internal reflection.

(2) Define the critical angle.

(3) Explain the effects caused by the refraction of light in a medium with varying refractive indices.

(4) Explain dispersion of light in terms of the index of refraction.

 

 

Chapter 18

Mirrors and lenses

 

18.1 Mirrors

Objectives

(1) Explain how concave, convex, and plane mirrors form images.

(2) Locate images using ray diagrams, and calculate image location and size using equations.

(3) Explain the cause of spherical aberration and how the effect may be overcome.

(4) Describe the use of parabolic mirrors.

 

18.2 Lenses

Objectives

(1) Describe how real and virtual images are formed by convex and concave lenses.

(2) Locate the image with a ray diagram and find the image location and size using a mathematical model.

(3) Define chromatic aberration and explain how it can be reduced.

(4) Explain how optical instruments such as microscopes and telescopes work.

 

 

Chapter 19

Diffraction and Interference of Light

 

19.1 When Light Waves Interfere

Objectives

(1) Relate the diffraction of light to its wave characteristics.

(2) Explain how light falling on two closely spaced slits produces an interference pattern, and use measurements to calculate wavelengths of light.

(3) Apply geometrical models to explain single-slit diffraction and two-slit interference patterns.

 

19.2 Applications of Diffraction

Objectives

(1) Explain how diffraction gratings form interference patterns and how they are used in grating spectrometers.

(2) Discuss how diffraction limits the ability of a lens to distinguish two closely spaced objects.

 

Chapter 20

Static Electricity

 

20.1 Electrical Charge

Objectives

(1) Recognize that objects that are charged exert forces, both attractive and repulsive.

(2) Demonstrate that charging is the separation, not the creation of electrical charges.

(3) Describe the differences between conductors and insulators.

 

20.2 Electrical Force

Objectives

(1) Summarize the relationship between forces and charges.

(2) Describe how an electroscope detects electric charge.

(3) Explain how to charge by conduction and induction.

(4) Use Coulomb's law to solve problems relating to electrical force.

(5) Develop a model of how charged objects can attract a neutral object.